In 2023, over 192 million people worldwide used cannabis, according to the United Nations. In Kazakhstan, smoking a joint or selling cannabis can get you into big trouble. By 2025, Kazakhstan has strict cannabis laws. This makes it one of many countries where cannabis is mostly illegal.
Is Cannabis Legal in Kazakhstan? Legal Status in 2025
No, cannabis is not legal in Kazakhstan as of 2025. The country follows strict anti-drug laws inherited from the Soviet era. Using or selling cannabis without permission is against the law.
This applies to recreational use, medical needs, or business activities. Even small amounts can lead to fines, jail time, or community service.
Kazakhstan’s government views cannabis as a dangerous drug, linking it to crime and health risks. Kazakhstan still has strict penalties for drug use, unlike some countries that have eased their laws.
1. Recreational Use
Recreational cannabis is 100% illegal in Kazakhstan. Smoking, sharing, or possessing cannabis for personal enjoyment is banned.
A 2023 study by the Kazakhstan Ministry of Health found that 87% of citizens oppose legalizing recreational cannabis. They worry it would lead to more addiction.
2. Medicinal Use
Medicinal cannabis is also illegal. Kazakhstan is different from Costa Rica and Australia. It does not permit cannabis for treating illnesses such as chronic pain or epilepsy. The government allows some use of synthetic THC, the chemical that causes a “high,” for research.
3. Industrial Use
Industrial hemp (cannabis with less than 0.1% THC) is partially legal. Farmers can grow hemp for products like rope, clothing, and biofuels. But, they need a special license. In 2024, Kazakhstan produced 500 tons of industrial hemp, with the majority intended for export to Europe.
Cannabis Law and Control in Kazakhstan
1. How Kazakhstan Applies Cannabis Laws
Police and courts enforce cannabis laws aggressively. Random drug tests are common in schools and workplaces. In 2024, more than 3,200 people were arrested for cannabis crimes. About 70% of these arrests were for small amounts meant for personal use.
2. The Illegal Cannabis Market
Despite strict laws, the illegal market thrives. A 2025 UN report estimates that 18% of Central Asia’s illegal cannabis comes from Kazakhstan. Dealers often smuggle cannabis from nearby countries. For example, Kyrgyzstan has more relaxed laws.
Cannabis Usage and Its Impact in Kazakhstan
1. Recreational Drug Use
About 7% of Kazakh adults admitted to trying cannabis once, per a 2024 survey. Most users are under 30 and live in cities like Almaty or Nur-Sultan. But, only 1.2% use it regularly due to fear of punishment.
2. Mental Health Concerns
Kazakh doctors warn that cannabis use can worsen anxiety and depression. In 2023, 15% of rehab center patients sought help for cannabis addiction. The government runs ads that label cannabis as a “gateway drug” leading to harder drugs, such as heroin.
3. Industrial Cannabis Use
Industrial hemp is a growing business. Hemp-based products generated $2 million in exports in 2024. Farmers praise hemp for needing less water than cotton, a major crop in Kazakhstan’s dry climate.
Cannabis Cultivation in Kazakhstan
Growing cannabis is illegal without a license. Licensed farmers can only grow industrial hemp with ultra-low THC. Illegal growers face raids, especially in rural areas. In 2024, police destroyed 12 tons of illegal cannabis plants a 25% increase from 2023.
Cannabis Penalties in Kazakhstan
| Offense | Penalty |
| Personal Use | A fine of $700 (3 months’ average salary). |
| Trafficking | 5–12 years in prison for small amounts. |
| Growing | Growing 1–10 plants can lead to 3–7 years in prison. |
Future of Cannabis Legalization in Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan shows no signs of legalizing cannabis soon. Politicians say stricter laws cut drug-related crime. In 2024, it fell by 9%.
However, activists hope industrial hemp could boost the economy. A 2025 poll showed that 23% of citizens back medical cannabis legalization. This suggests a slow change in public opinion.
For now, cannabis remains a risky choice in Kazakhstan. Always check local laws before traveling or using substances!
