In 2023, more than 1.2 million Kenyans used cannabis, according to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. By 2025, the debate on cannabis, known as bhang locally, still ignites strong opinions. Some see it as a dangerous drug, while others believe it could boost Kenya’s economy. But what’s the truth? Is cannabis legal in Kenya? Let’s break down the laws, uses, penalties, and future of cannabis in simple terms.
Is Cannabis Legal in Kenya? Legal Status in 2025
Cannabis is illegal in Kenya for recreational, medical, and industrial use. The country has strict anti-drug laws. Possessing, growing, or selling cannabis is a serious crime. There are still debates about legalizing medical and industrial uses.
1. Recreational Use
Recreational cannabis use is fully illegal in Kenya. The law defines cannabis as a narcotic drug, and using it for fun or to “get high” can lead to serious penalties. A 2024 survey from Kenya’s NACADA found that 8% of young adults had tried cannabis, even with the risks involved.
2. Medicinal Use
Medical cannabis is partially legal. In 2024, Kenya changed its laws. Now, cannabis-based medicines can be used for chronic pain and epilepsy. Only licensed pharmacies can sell these products. Patients need a prescription from a registered doctor. As of 2025, just 15 companies have government approval to make or import medical cannabis.
3. Industrial Use
Industrial hemp is a type of cannabis that has low THC. THC is the psychoactive compound responsible for the euphoric “high” sensation. While hemp is legally permitted, it must adhere to stringent regulations to ensure compliance. Farmers can grow hemp with less than 0.3% THC for products like rope, textiles, or biofuels. In 2024, over 200 farmers got licenses to grow hemp. This move helps boost Kenya’s bio-economy.
Cannabis Law and Control in Kenya
1. How Kenya Applies Cannabis Laws
Kenya enforces cannabis laws through police raids, arrests, and public awareness campaigns. In 2024, the Directorate of Criminal Investigations reported that more than 5,000 people were arrested for cannabis crimes. The government also takes down illegal cannabis farms. In 2024, it seized and burned up to 12 tons of plants.
2. The Illegal Cannabis Market
Despite strict laws, Kenya’s illegal cannabis trade thrives. NACADA estimates the black market is worth $100 million each year. Most of the cannabis comes from nearby countries. Poor enforcement in rural areas and corruption allow this market to grow.
Cannabis Usage and Its Impact in Kenya
1. Recreational Drug Use
Recreational cannabis use is linked to school dropouts and crime. A 2025 study from Kenyatta University found that 30% of young offenders in Nairobi had used cannabis before their crimes.
2. Mental Health Concerns
Heavy cannabis use can harm mental health. In 2024, Mathari Mental Hospital discovered that 15% of its patients had anxiety or psychosis linked to cannabis. Doctors warn that high-THC products increase these risks.
3. Industrial Cannabis Use
On the positive side, industrial hemp could create jobs. The Agriculture Ministry estimates that hemp farming could use 50,000 Kenyans by 2030. Hemp products like eco-friendly plastics are already gaining traction in cities like Mombasa.
Cannabis Cultivation in Kenya
Growing cannabis is illegal without a license. Most illegal farms are in remote areas like Mount Kenya or the Rift Valley. Licensed hemp farms are smaller and closely monitored. In 2025, Kenya’s first hemp-processing factory opened in Naivasha, creating 500 jobs.
Cannabis Penalties in Kenya
| Offense | Penalty |
| Personal Use | Possessing even small amounts of cannabis can lead to up to 10 years in jail. |
| Trafficking | Selling or transporting cannabis is punished harshly. Traffickers face 20+ years in prison, plus fines of up to 1 million Kenyan shillings ($7,000). |
| Growing | Growing cannabis without a license can mean 10–15 years in jail. |
Future of Cannabis Legalization in Kenya
Could Kenya fully legalize cannabis? Public opinion is shifting. A 2025 NACADA survey revealed that 45% of Kenyans support medical cannabis legalization. Meanwhile, 25% are in favor of recreational use.
Lawmakers are discussing a bill. This bill aims to expand medical access and cut penalties for small amounts. If passed, Kenya could join countries like Azerbaijan and Morocco in easing cannabis laws.
Experts say legalizing hemp and medical cannabis could earn Kenya $300 million yearly by 2030. However, strong opposition from religious groups and older citizens may slow down changes.
Cannabis laws in Kenya are strict but evolving. While recreational use remains illegal, medical and industrial cannabis offers new opportunities.
