Did you know that 15% of New Zealanders aged 15–64 have used cannabis in the past year? That’s about 590,000 people! Despite its popularity, cannabis laws in New Zealand are strict.
In 2020, the country had a referendum on legalizing recreational cannabis. However, 50.7% voted “no.” Let’s explore the cannabis legalization in New Zealand.
Is Cannabis Legal in New Zealand? Legal Status in 2025
Cannabis is partially legal in New Zealand. Recreational use is still illegal. However, police might give warnings instead of charging someone for having small amounts. Medical cannabis is legal if you have a prescription. Also, growing industrial hemp is allowed with regulations.
1. Recreational Use
Recreational cannabis is still illegal. The 2020 referendum showed strong public division, and no new votes are scheduled. Police continue to use “discretion” for minor cases, focusing on education over punishment.
2. Medicinal Use
Medicinal cannabis has been legal since 2018. Patients with chronic pain or epilepsy can get CBD oil or dried cannabis if they have a prescription. Over 40,000 prescriptions were issued in 2023, up 25% from 2022.
3. Industrial Use
Industrial hemp (containing less than 0.35% THC) is legal for fiber, seeds, and oil. Over 2,000 hectares of hemp are grown yearly, contributing $30 million to the economy.
Cannabis Law and Control in New Zealand
1. How New Zealand Applies Cannabis Laws
New Zealand follows the Misuse of Drugs Act 1975. For small amounts (under 14 grams), police may issue a $500 fine, a court summons, or offer “diversion” (e.g., counseling). Repeat offenders face harsher penalties.
2. The Illegal Cannabis Market
Despite laws, the black market thrives. Police seize around 1,300 kg of illegal cannabis yearly. Experts say the unlawful market is worth $1.3 billion a year. Much of this money is tied to organized crime.
Cannabis Usage and Its Impact in New Zealand
1. Recreational Drug Use
About 11% of adults use marijuana and weed early. Usage is highest among 18–24-year-olds (22%). Some say that criminalization hurts Māori communities. They are three times more likely to get cannabis charges than non-Māori.
2. Mental Health Concerns
Using cannabis frequently, especially before age 18, increases the risk of anxiety and psychosis. A 2022 study found that 12% of young users developed mental health issues. Doctors urge caution with high-THC products.
3. Industrial Cannabis Use
Hemp is used in food, skincare, and eco-friendly materials. The hemp industry creates over 500 jobs. It also cuts carbon emissions by replacing plastic packaging.
Cannabis Cultivation in New Zealand
Growing cannabis at home is illegal without a license. Medicinal or hemp growers must get government approval. This costs over $1,700 and requires security measures like cameras. In 2023, only 12 companies held medicinal cannabis licenses.
Cannabis Penalties in New Zealand
| Offense | Penalty |
| Personal Use | Up to 3 months jail or $500 fine. |
| Trafficking | Up to 8 years jail. |
| Growing | Up to 2 years jail. |
Future of Cannabis Legalization in New Zealand
The 2020 referendum’s narrow loss (48.4% “yes” vs. 50.7% “no”) keeps the debate alive. Younger voters (60% of under-30s supported legalization) may shift future outcomes. Political parties like the Green Party push for decriminalization, while others resist.
Experts predict another referendum by 2030 if public support grows. For now, the medicinal access and hemp industries will probably increase. Meanwhile, recreational use remains illegal.
Cannabis laws in New Zealand aim to balance health and justice. While rules are strict, attitudes are slowly changing. Want to read more?
