Cannabis remains illegal in São Tomé and Príncipe for recreational, medical, and industrial purposes. The country’s legal framework does not differentiate between various forms of cannabis use, and all related activities—including possession, cultivation, and trafficking—are considered criminal offenses. Despite discussions in 2021 about potential reforms to legalize medical marijuana, no legislative changes have been implemented as of 2025.
Is Cannabis Legal in São Tomé and Príncipe?
Cannabis is fully prohibited in São Tomé and Príncipe. The law does not provide any allowances for recreational use, medical applications, or industrial hemp cultivation. Individuals found in possession of cannabis, regardless of quantity, may face legal penalties, including fines and imprisonment. The absence of a regulatory framework means that all cannabis-related activities are subject to strict enforcement.
Recreational Use
Recreational cannabis use is illegal in São Tomé and Príncipe. The possession, use, and distribution of cannabis are criminal offenses under the country’s legal system. Law enforcement agencies actively monitor and prosecute individuals involved in these activities. Penalties can range from monetary fines to significant prison sentences, particularly for cases involving large quantities or distribution networks. While enforcement may be more concentrated in urban areas and ports, rural regions are not exempt from legal scrutiny.
Medical Use
As of 2025, there is no legal framework for the use of medical cannabis in São Tomé and Príncipe. In 2021, the Minister of Agriculture, Francisco Ramos, proposed the legalization of medical marijuana, highlighting its potential to create jobs and generate revenue for the country. However, these proposals have not translated into legislative action, and medical cannabis remains illegal. Patients seeking cannabis-based treatments have no legal avenues for access within the country.
Industrial Hemp
The cultivation of industrial hemp is not permitted in São Tomé and Príncipe. The law does not distinguish between hemp and psychoactive cannabis varieties, leading to a blanket prohibition on all cannabis plants. This stance contrasts with other African nations like Morocco, which legalized medical marijuana in 2021. As well as South Africa, where personal use of cannabis has been decriminalized and a regulated medical cannabis program exists. The lack of differentiation in São Tomé and Príncipe’s legislation means that potential economic opportunities associated with industrial hemp, such as the production of textiles and biofuels, remain untapped.
Cultural Attitudes
Cannabis use carries a negative stigma in São Tomé and Príncipe. It is often associated with criminality and substance abuse. Leading to widespread societal opposition to its legalization. Public discourse on cannabis reform is minimal, and there are no significant advocacy groups or movements pushing for change. This conservative cultural perspective contributes to the government’s steadfast commitment to prohibition.
Penalties and Enforcement
- Possession: Individuals found with cannabis may face fines and imprisonment. The severity of the penalty often depends on the amount in possession and whether there is intent to distribute.
- Trafficking: Engaging in the sale or distribution of cannabis is considered a serious crime. With offenders subject to long-term imprisonment and substantial fines.
- Cultivation: Growing cannabis plants is strictly prohibited. Those caught cultivating, even for personal use, risk severe legal consequences, including imprisonment and potential property confiscation.
Law enforcement agencies in São Tomé and Príncipe are vigilant in their efforts to curb cannabis-related activities. Urban centers and transportation hubs, such as ports, are primary focus areas due to their roles in potential trafficking operations.
Future Outlook
Despite the 2021 proposal to legalize medical marijuana, there have been no further developments or indications of impending reforms. The government’s current stance remains firmly against the legalization or decriminalization of cannabis in any form. Given the prevailing societal attitudes and lack of political momentum, significant changes to cannabis legislation in São Tomé and Príncipe appear unlikely in the near future.
